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Man is Adam, man is Christ: according to st. Augustine
Šavel, Tibor ; Vopřada, David (advisor) ; Salvet, Ondřej (referee)
Annotation: This thesis will address the view of the state of man in paradise and the state of man at the moment of disobedience that occurred through an act of man's will contrary to the manifested will of the Creator communicated to the creature through reason and will. It will describe the condition of man who, through his incarnation, was accepted by the Son of God, namely Jesus Christ. This incarnation is a historical event and encourages man to follow the one who incarnated him. In doing so, man can participate in building the kingdom of God here on Earth. All this will be written according to the anthropology of St. Augustine, as described in his writing. Key words: man, disobedience, sin, will, freedom, healing, celebration
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Comparison Philosophies of Jan Amos Komenský and René Descartes
Dobrovodská, Helena ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
Comparison of Philosophies of Jan Ámos Komenský and René Descartes The aim of this work is comparison of philosophies of Jan Ámos Komenský and René Descartes based on their essential works, i.e."Labyrint světa a ráj srdce" (The Labyrinth of the World and the Paradise of the Heart) and "Úvahy o první filozofii" (Meditations on First Philosophy), in which God's existence and the difference between the human soul and body are proved. The philosophy of both contemporaries originated in the 17th century on the background of the Thirty Years' War and the Counter-Reformation. The rationalism of René Descartes, which starts Cartesian thinking, seems to be substantially different from the philosophy of Komenský based on Neoplatonism and Christianity. In the thought of Descartes analysis, mathematical operationalism, is principal, whereas Komenský synthesizes and puts the whole together. The first chapter of the thesis deals with the lives, period and works of Komenský and Descartes. It is possible to find significant similarities in their life stories. The second chapter deals with the interpretation of "The Labyrint of the World and the Paradise of the Heart" and the interpretation of "Meditations of First Philosophy", in which God's existence and the difference between the human soul and body are proved....
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A Comparison of Plotinus's and St. Augustine's Conception of Evil
Košová, Michaela ; Němec, Václav (advisor) ; Novák, Lukáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis is concerned with Plotinus's and Augustine's conception of evil and its main aim is to compare both views and reveal which Plotinus's thoughts inspired Augustine and at which points he had to divert from Plotinus. The key question is in what way both philosophers attempt to answer the question about ontological status and origin of evil. While examining the differences between both conceptions it will be importatnt to explain them with regard to different metaphysical concepts which constitute Plotinus's and Augustine's thinking. First part of the thesis investigates in what sense in Plotinus's theory matter - the last point of emanation of reality from the One - is the principle of evil. Later we encounter tolma, certain illegitimate audacity to become independent from the higher levels which is present in the soul and also at the very emergence of reality as such from the One. However, since soul has a divine origin, it cannot really sin. Plotinus ascribes the ultimate responsibility for evil to matter, utter privation and form of non-being, which can act as a sort of trap for the soul. In the second part we will see that thanks to neoplatonic thinking Augustine too perceives evil as privation but he ascribes its origin to a free decision of created, and thus mutable rational...
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Problem of Grace in St. Augustin
Spiegelová, Veronika ; Rybák, David (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with St. Augustine and his theology of grace. It briefly introduces the context of Augustine's philosophy, explains the basic terms, and mainly focuses on the interpretation of Augustine's study of grace. It first analyses the thoughts and ideas of Saint Paul, the Apostle, which are relevant to the subject. Then it moves on to explaining the continuous development of Augustine's study of grace: how it is portrayed in his early works, the way in which it developed in his argument with Pelagius, and finally it introduces Augustine's most radical idea - the concept of predestination from his work To Simplician. The last part of the thesis covers the corresponding topic of love, specifically the love of neighbour, as it is discussed by Hannah Arendth in her work Love and Saint Augustine.
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Augustine's work De sermone domini in monte and the patristic exegesis Sermon on the mount and the plain
Kaška, Pavel ; Brož, Jaroslav (referee)
This rigorous work is the thesis of a future dissertation work, which deals with the work De sermone domini in monte of St. Augustine and other surviving patristic texts dealing with the Sermon on the Mount or the Sermon on the Plain or parts thereof. It seeks to compare different perspectives on these key sections of gospels. Since Augustine's work is the only one devoted entirely to the Sermon on the Mount, it tries to show its uniqueness and its inclusion in Augustine's work. This rigorous work summarizes the goals, methods and specifications that will lead to the dissertation. It also outlines the syllabus of future dissertation work and some results and elaboration that has already taken place, and presents secondary literature and sources on the topic. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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What is evil? Philosophical answers
ZEMAN, Vít
The thesis deals with the fundamental philosophical question: "What is evil?" It is devided into three main chapters. In the first one I try to verify and define the term "evil". Then I examine two selected concepts dualism and privation theory in the second chapter. While the dualististic theory (which says there are two equal forces) seems to be inconsistent, the privation theory can in some way provide the explanation (or at least partial explanation) of the phenomenon of evil. With these consderations we can approach to the third part where "the argument of evil" (which is usually used as evidence against the exstence of God) is concerned and then questioned.
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Privation concept of evil from Plotinus to Thomas Aquinas
TOMANDL, Antonín
The questions about the origin of evil in the world were often a secondary product of the great philosophical systems. One of the first thinkers to deal with that problem systematically was neoplatonic scholar Plotinus. He developed a theory which he considered to be only a continuation of Plato´s thinking. It became an original theory, which in its core, has influence to this day. This theory was, mostly thanks to St. Augustine, applied to christian theology and became the living doctrine. The goal of this thesis is to demonstrate in what Plotinus´ theory of evil was "christianized" through the hand of Augustin. In other words, how it trasformed from a pagan philosophy to a theological one and how it was preserved for rediscovery in the scholastic era and became a new-again topic of scholastic scholars.
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An Enquiry Concerning the Phenomenon of Maidan Through the Application of the Hegelian Lordship and Bondage Theory
Dovhoruk, Ivanna ; Karfíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Matějčková, Tereza (referee)
This thesis is concerned with the question how can be the phenomenon of Maidan (Майдан) understood. Maidan here is primarly seen as an event in which people risked their lives. The first chapter deals with eyewitness testimonies of demonstrators in the Ukrainian Revolution of Dignity (Революція Гідності), who were present in the directly life-threatening places (Hrushevsky-st, Institutska-st). In the second chapter Hegel's concept of the certification by death (die Bewährung durch den Tod) is inquired, as present in a lordship and bondage theory (Herrschaft und Knechtschaft) in the Phenomenology of Spirit (Phänomenologie des Geistes). In the third chapter, through the presentation of the author's own speculative theory of the Gates, we will try to prove that life can be deployed in two ways, from a position of humility and a position of pride. Within proving this statement we differentiate Hegelian concept of certification by death using Augustine's notion of pride (superbia). At the end of the inquiry we will try to answer the initial quastion, what Maidan is in light of the act of deployment of life.
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